Nursing Acceleration Challenge Exam (NACE) PN-RN Practice Test

What is often the earliest indication of inadequate oxygenation?

1. Cyanosis

2. Confusion

3. Gasping for breath

4. Restlessness and anxiety

The correct answer is: Restlessness and anxiety

Restlessness and anxiety are often the earliest indications of inadequate oxygenation due to the brain's sensitivity to changes in oxygen levels. When the body experiences hypoxia (a deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues), the central nervous system can trigger symptoms such as restlessness and anxiety as a response to the lack of oxygen. These symptoms often precede more severe signs of oxygen deprivation, marking them as early indicators. In contrast, cyanosis tends to appear later in the process of decreased oxygenation. It is the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that signifies more severe and prolonged hypoxia. Confusion can also signal inadequate oxygen, but it typically occurs when oxygen levels are critically low and the brain is affected significantly. Gasping for breath indicates a more acute respiratory distress scenario and may be considered a later response rather than an early sign. Thus, restlessness and anxiety serve as vital early warning signs, alerting caregivers to potential oxygenation issues before they progress to more severe clinical manifestations.